Bandwidth Estimation Using Network Calculus in Practice

An available bandwidth at a link is an unused capacity. Its measuring and/or estimation is not simple in practice. On the other hand, we know that its continuous knowledge is crucial for the operation of almost all networks. Therefore, there is a continuous effort in improving the existing and developing new methods of available bandwidth measurement and/or estimation. This paper deals with these problems. Network calculus terminology allows to express an available bandwidth in terms of a service curve. The service curve is a function representing a service available for a traffic flow which can be measured/estimated in a node as well as at an end-to-end connection of a network. An Internet traffic is highly unpredictable what hinders to a large extent an execution of the tasks mentioned above. This paper draws attention to pitfalls and difficulties with application of the existing network calculus methods of an available bandwidth estimation in a real Internet Service Provider (ISP) network. The results achieved in measurements have been also confirmed in simulations performed as well as by mathematical considerations presented here. They give a new perspective on the outcomes obtained by other authors and on their interpretations

A Contribution to the System-Theoretic Approach to Bandwidth Estimation

The network calculus provides a theoretical background for description of traffic in computer networks. Using this tool in explanation of the so-called pathchirp method of measuring the available bandwidth, the validity and range of application of some relationships exploited are verified in this paper. The derivations are carried out in a wider context than that considered in a recent paper by Liebeherr et al. published in IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking on network bandwidth estimation, providing thereby new insights and outcomes. These results, summarized in a table, show a means of bounding the service curve, depending upon its convexity or non-convexity property assumed and upon the linearity or non-linearity of a network considered. Moreover, it is shown here that the nonlinear network example analyzed by Liebeherr et al. can be viewed equivalently as a linear parametric network. For this network, the behaviour of the cross traffic is considered in a more detail, too

Topical Classification of Food Safety Publications with a Knowledge Base

The vast body of scientific publications presents an increasing challenge of finding those that are relevant to a given research question, and making informed decisions on their basis. This becomes extremely difficult without the use of automated tools. Here, one possible area for improvement is automatic classification of publication abstracts according to their topic. This work introduces a novel, knowledge base-oriented publication classifier. The proposed method focuses on achieving scalability and easy adaptability to other domains. Classification speed and accuracy are shown to be satisfactory, in the very demanding field of food safety. Further development and evaluation of the method is needed, as the proposed approach shows much potential

Feature Extraction for Polish Language Named Entities Recognition in Intelligent Office Assistant

The purpose of this contribution is to present a feature extractor that was designed as a part of a Named Entity Recognition (NER) system, which is to be used in a Robotic Process Automation application with a self-learning ability. The NER system has a screen of the user interface as its input, and tries to recognize and categorize all the named entities that can be located within this screen. The set of features that can be extracted from the input, is discussed in the article. The local context features appear to be very important in the considered problem. Experiments show that the entities are recognized with a rate that is satisfactory from the business perspective

Multi-Domain Named Entity Recognition for Robotic Process Automation

To make Robotic Process Automation more attractive, it needs to become more ``intelligent''. In this context, a modification of the Form-to-Rule approach, based on identifying data types of form fields, is proposed. Moreover, multi-domain named entity recognition is used, for field value identification. These techniques, used jointly, allow software robots to adapt to interface changes. Experimental results are reported and verify viability of the proposed approach

Ontology Reuse: the Real Test of Ontological Design

Reusing ontologies in practice is still very challenging, especially when multiple ontologies are (jointly) involved. Moreover, despite recent advances, the realization of systematic ontology quality assurance remains a difficult problem. In this work, the quality of thirty biomedical ontologies, and the Computer Science Ontology are investigated, from the perspective of a practical use case. Special scrutiny is given to cross-ontology references, which are vital for combining ontologies. Diverse methods to detect potential issues are proposed, including natural language processing and network analysis. Moreover, several suggestions for improving ontologies and their quality assurance processes are presented. It is argued that while the advancing automatic tools for ontology quality assurance are crucial for ontology improvement, they will not solve the problem entirely. It is ontology reuse that is the ultimate method for continuously verifying and improving ontology quality, as well as for guiding its future development. Specifically, multiple issues can be found and fixed primarily through practical and diverse ontology reuse scenarios.Comment: Accepted into SOMET 2022 conferenc

Utilization of Modified CoreGRID Ontology in an Agent-based Grid Resource Management System

isbn 978-1-880843-75-8International audienceThe Agents in Grid project is devoted to the de-velopment of an agent-based intelligent high-level Grid middleware. In the proposed system, all data process-ing is ontology-driven, and initially was based on an in-house developed mini-ontology of the Grid. Our recent analysis has indicated that we should adapt and utilize the Grid ontology developed within the framework of the CoreGRID project. This note outlines how we have modified and extended the CoreGRID ontology to fulfill the needs of our approac

Introducing Federated Learning into Internet of Things ecosystems -- preliminary considerations

Federated learning (FL) was proposed to facilitate the training of models in a distributed environment. It supports the protection of (local) data privacy and uses local resources for model training. Until now, the majority of research has been devoted to "core issues", such as adaptation of machine learning algorithms to FL, data privacy protection, or dealing with the effects of uneven data distribution between clients. This contribution is anchored in a practical use case, where FL is to be actually deployed within an Internet of Things ecosystem. Hence, somewhat different issues that need to be considered, beyond popular considerations found in the literature, are identified. Moreover, an architecture that enables the building of flexible, and adaptable, FL solutions is introduced.Comment: Conference IEEE 8th World Forum on Internet of Things submissio

The opinion of professional caregivers about the platform understAID for patients with dementia

Clinical research[Abstract] BACKGROUND: The person with dementia should be treated as an unique person regarding symptoms directly associated with dementia, such as problems with memory, hallucinations, and delusions, as well as other physical, mental, or neurological deficits. The symptoms not directly typical of dementia, such as musculoskeletal disorders or depression, should be also be considered in order to improve the quality of life of a person with dementia. That is why professional caregivers have to broaden their current knowledge not only of medical symptoms but also of the patient’s psychosocial condition and increase their inquisitiveness about the individual condition of the patient. The aim of the study was to get to know the opinion of professional caregivers about the UnderstAID platform and its usefulness for informal caregivers. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Participants in the study group consisted of professional caregivers: nurses, sociologists, psychologists, physiotherapists, and occupational therapists, all of whom specialized in geriatrics and had experience in working with people with dementia. All professional caregivers answered 24 questions that refer to positive and negative aspects of the UnderstAID platform. RESULTS: The study group of professional caregivers highly appreciated that the application could give support to caregivers (mean score of 4.78; 5 points means that they totally agreed, and 1 point means that they totally disagreed) and that a wide range of multimedia materials helped the informal caregivers to gain a better understanding of the contents (mean score of 4.78). There was a statistically significant correlation between the age of the professional caregivers and the frequency of positive opinions that the UnderstAID application gave support to caregivers of relatives with dementia (p=0.028) and the opinion that videos, photos, and pictures may help the informal caregivers to gain a better understanding of the contents (p=0.028). CONCLUSIONS: A group of professional caregivers positively assessed the UnderstAID platform. Caregivers, especially older caregivers, highly appreciated the usefulness of videos, photos, and pictures for gaining a better understanding of the contents.European Commission; AAL5/1/2013European Commission; AAL5/2/201

Towards IoT platforms’ integration:Semantic Translations between W3C SSN and ETSI SAREF

Several IoT ontologies have been developed lately to improve the semantic interoperability of IoT solutions. The most popular of these ontologies, the W3C Semantic Sensor Network (SSN), is considered an ontological foundation for diverse IoT initiatives, particularly OpenIoT. With characteristics similar to SSN, the ETSI Smart Appliances REFerence (SAREF) ontology evolved from the needs of smart home solutions to common requirements of IoT. Some IoT solutions rely on platform-specific ontologies and their integration requires mechanisms to align these ontologies. In this paper we discuss the ontology alignment between SSN and SAREF, identifying mapping alternatives and proposing basic mappings that can be re-used to define more complex ones. We introduce here an initial specification of the semantic translations from the main elements of SSN to SAREF, which includes classes, object properties and data properties. The alignment will be used in a semantic matching process leveraging the semantic mediator component of the INTER-IoT project. An initial evaluation of the translation was executed by translating the wind sensor (Vaisala WM30), an example provided by the W3C, from SSN to SAREF. This initial evaluation demonstrates the coherence and feasibility of the proposed mappings